天津开放大学化工专业英语作业与答案
天津开放大学化工专业英语作业与答案化工专业英语学校:天津开放大学平台:国家开放大学题目如下：1. Heat transfer:传热，该短语翻译是否正确？答案:正确2. Forced convection：强制对流，该短语翻译是否正确？答案:正确3. Freeze drying：冷冻干燥，该短语翻译是否正确？答案:正确4. Hydrophoby，该单词可用以下句子来解释： The inherent tendency of the whole or apart of a molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.答案:正确5. Carbon dioxide，该短语可用以下句子来解释：A chemical compound composed of twooxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.答案:正确6. 聚丙烯PP的英文全称是Polyethylene。答案:错误7. 冷却水CW的英文全称是Cooling Water。答案:正确8. A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient heat transfer fromone fluid to another, whether the fluids are separated by a solid wall so thatthey never mix, or the fluids are directly contacted.交换器是一种有效地将两种流体进行热交换的装置，这两种流体是被固体壁垒隔开，避免两者混合，或者直接接触。该句翻译是否正确？答案:错误9. At steady state conditions, the vapor and liquid on each tray is atequilibrium. 在稳态条件下，每块塔板上的水汽和液体达到平衡。该句翻译是否正确？答案:正确10. Separation processes can essentially be termed as mass transferprocesses. 分离过程基本上可以被称为传质过程。该句翻译是否正确？答案:正确11. However, success will most likely require a concerted approachacross all areas of science, strong leadership, and a willingness tostrategically invest in human capital and value fundamental research.译文：然而，成功很可能需要在所有科学领域采取协调一致的方法，强有力的领导，并愿意战略性地投资于人力资本和重视基础研究。该句翻译是否正确？答案:正确12. Which is an element(s)?A. COB. Na 2 SC. CD. CaC 2答案:C13. （ ）makes up three quarters of the air we breathe.A. hydrogenB. oxygenC. dinitrogenD. nitrogen答案:hydrogen14. Which is the symbol for the SI base unit of mass ?A. mB. gC. kgD. gr答案:kg15. Of all soda-ash, 50% is sold to the（ ）industy.A. buildingB. paper-makingC. transportationD. glass –making答案:glass –making16. （ ）kinds of chemical compounds are now known.A. nine millionB. one millionC. ten millionD. .a hunre million答案:.a hunre million17. Nothing is a function of position except between the inlet pipe andthe reactor entrance, where mixing is assumed to occur instantly!句中 where 为关系副词，引导（）从句。A. 条件状语B. 非限制性定语C. 限制性定语D. 时间状语答案:非限制性定语18. Enzymes are proteins that may be either isolated molecules insolution (homogeneous) or molecules bound to large macromolecules or to a cellwall (heterogeneous).句中 that 为关系代词，引导（ ）从句，指代 proteins。A. 条件状语B. 定语C. 宾语D. 时间状语答案:定语19. The use of these devices is restricted to the measurement of smallto medium volume flows of low molecular weight liquids free of solidcomponents.句中 free of 意为（ ）A. 空闲的B. 自由的C. 有……的D. 无……的答案:自由的20. Open steam is being blown into the tank, mixing with the othermaterials in it. Closed steam is passing through a coil, being kept separatefrom the tank contents.本句使用进行时强调两种蒸汽（ ）。A. 不同动作的持续性B. 正在进行C. 通常发生D. 过去进行答案:不同动作的持续性21. The P&ID will be too diff icult to understand when equipmentsymbols are stacked on each other and the connection between the symbols andthe equipment callouts are diff icult to be identif ied.句中的 too…to…结构意为（ ）A. 不但……而且……B. 太……而不能C. 或者……或者……D. 直到……才……答案:太……而不能22. Molybdenum is about a thousand times less expensive than platinum,and a thousand times more abundant.英文三倍和三倍以上倍数比较的写法为“基数词 +（ ）+ more/less than…”A. timeB. timesC. sometimesD. some times答案:times23. The principle of the conservation of energy states that in a steadyflow the sum of all forms of mechanical energy in a fluid along a stream lineis the same at all points on that stream line. 句中第一个 that 为连词，引导宾语从句，宾语从句为（ ）结构，主干为the sum is the same，其余部分为修饰语。A. 主谓宾B. 主系表C. 主谓D. 主谓宾宾补答案:主系表24. However, there seems to be a limit to which the drying airtemperature can be increased, since excessively high temperatures may adverselyaffect quality with respect to discoloration, crack formation, and even burningof the dried product. 句中连词 since 引导状语从句，意为（ ）。A. 自从B. 然而C. 因为D. 所以答案:因为25. The process of absorption conventionally refers to the intimatecontacting of a mixture of gases with a liquid so that part of one or more ofthe constituents of the gas will dissolve in the liquid.句中The process ofabsorption指（ ）过程。A. 吸收B. 精馏C. 过滤D. 干燥答案:吸收26. Heat exchanger：换热器，该短语翻译是否正确？答案:正确27. A fractionating column：精馏塔，该短语翻译是否正确？答案:正确28. Heat Conduction:热对流，该短语翻译是否正确？答案:错误29. Wetting agent，该短语可用以下句子A substance which, when introduced in aliquid, increases its wetting tendency.答案:正确30. Fluorine，该单词可用以下句子A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is thelightest halogen.答案:正确31. 催化重整CR的英文全称是Catalytic Reforming。答案:正确32. The unit operations form the fundamental principles of chemicalengineering.化工仪表构成了化工系统的基本原则。该句翻译是否正确？答案:错误33. Heat exchangers are widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning,space heating, power generation, and chemical processing.换热器广泛应用于冷却、空调、供暖、发电、化学处理。该句翻译是否正确？答案:正确34. Examples include toxic chemicals or solvents and explosivematerials. 例如有毒化学品或溶剂以及易爆物品。该句翻译是否正确？答案:正确35. No medium is necessary for radiation to occur. 辐射必须发生在无介质的场所中。该句翻译是否正确？答案:正确36. Green Chemistry has been tremendously successful in devising ways toreduce pollution through synthetic eff iciency, catalysis, and improvements insolvent technology.句中 to reduce 为不定式，作状语。该说法是否正确？答案:正确37. Which is the symbol for the SI base unit of mass ?A. mB. gC. kgD. gr答案:kg38. Which mixture is most likely to be an ideal solution?A. CH2CH2OH and CH3(CH2)3 CH3B. CH3(CH2)3CH3 and CH3(CH2)4CH3C. CH3CH2OH and H2OD. NaOH and H2O答案:CH3(CH2)3CH3 and CH3(CH2)4CH339. Almost all explosives are ultimately derive from（ ） .A. ureaB. nitric acidC. sulphuric acidD. ammonia答案:nitric acid40. （ ）is not categorized as high-volume sectors.A. sulphuric acidB. chlor-alkaliC. polytheneD. carbondioxide答案:chlor-alkali41. （ ）is not included in the types of Industrial Research andDevelopment.A. product developmentB. process developmentC. manufacturing improvementD. application development答案:application development42. The other limit where the fluid flow is simple is the tubularreactor, where the fluid is completely unmixed and flows down the tube as aplug.句中第一个 where 为关系副词，引导（ ）从句。A. 条件状语B. 定语C. 宾语D. 时间状语答案:定语43. Essentially constant conditions are known to exist in both thehorizontal and vertical directions in both short and long beds.本句采用（ ）语态。A. 被动B. 主动C. 过去D. 现在答案:被动44. For enclosed vessels, it is necessary to locate a second sensingpoint above the liquid surface, to eliminate the effect of any absolutepressure fluctuations.be necessary ，后接（ ）。A. to doingB. doingC. to doD. do答案:to do45. The controller type or the parameters to be adjusted on thecontroller must be chosen or optimized in accordance with the expected dynamicbehavior of the control circuit.词组 in accordance with 意为（ ）。A. 如果……B. 因为……C. 依据……D. 为了……答案:依据……46. Its advantage over steam distillation is that it operates at a lowertemperature, which can separate the plant waxes from the oils. 句中 that 为连词，引导（ ）从句。A. 表语B. 定语C. 同位语D. 状语答案:表语47. If the change in density is small with moderate temperature andpressure, the fluid is termed “incompressible” ; if the changes are noteworthy,the fluid is termed “compressible”.这里“incompressible”和“compressible”分别代表（ ）流体。A. 可压缩 不可压缩B. 不可压缩 可压缩C. 不可压缩 不可压缩D. 可压缩 可压缩答案:不可压缩 可压缩48. In some driers, the solid may be in contact with heated metalsurfaceswhere the required heat of vaporization flows to the solid by conduction.句中conduction指（）。A. 热对流B. 热辐射C. 热传导D. 复合传热答案:热传导49. However, there seems to be a limit to which the drying airtemperature can be increased, since excessively high temperatures may adverselyaffect quality with respect to discoloration, crack formation, and even burningof the dried product. 句中with respect to 意为（ ）。A. 尊敬B. 关系，与……有关系C. 关于，就……而言D. 所以答案:关于，就……而言50. The process of absorption conventionally refers to the intimatecontacting of a mixture of gases with a liquid so that part of one or more ofthe constituents of the gas will dissolve in the liquid.句中refer to 意为（ ），常用于描述定义的句子中。A. 涉及B. 关系，与……有关系C. 指的是D. 关于答案:指的是51. Separation process：分离过程，该短语翻译是否正确？答案:正确52. Steady state conduction：非稳态传导，该短语翻译是否正确？答案:错误53. Waste heat recovery units：余热回收装置，该短语翻译是否正确？答案:正确54. Tube Layout：管布局，该短语翻译是否正确？答案:正确55. Natural convection：强制对流，该短语翻译是否正确？答案:错误56. Heat Radiation：热辐射，该短语翻译是否正确？答案:正确57. Detergency，该单词可用以下句子解释：The process by which soil is dislodged fromthe substrate and bought into a state of solution or dispersion.答案:正确58. Ammonia，该单词可用以下句子解释：A colorless gas with a characteristic pungentodor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.答案:正确59. KH2PO4 的英文名称是Potassium dihydrogen phosphate。答案:正确60. ZnSO4·7H2O的英文名称是Zinc sulfate heptahydrate。答案:正确61. 聚乙烯PE的英文全称是Polypropylene。答案:错误62. 工艺流程图PFD的英文全称是Process Flow Diagram。答案:正确63. 苯,甲苯,二甲苯BTX的英文全称是Benzene, toluene, xylene。答案:正确64. Fractionating columns are widely used in the chemical processindustries where large quantities of liquids have to be distilled. 吸收被广泛应用于使用大量的液体蒸馏分馏塔的化学加工工业中。该句翻译是否正确？答案:错误65. One common example of a heat exchanger is the radiator(水箱) in a car,in which the hot fluid is cooled by the flow of air over the radiator surface.关于换热器，常见的例子是在汽车的散热器（水箱），其中水箱中的高温液体通过在散热器表面的空气流冷却。该句翻译是否正确？答案:正确66. As a liquid mixture in the round bottomed flask is boiled, vaporrises up the fractionating column. 当圆底烧瓶中的混合物煮沸，蒸气上升至分馏塔。该句翻译是否正确？答案:正确67. With some hazardous materials, you can provide further protection byusing inert gas to limit the oxygen level in the vacuum dryer. 在有害物质存在的情况下，可以利用惰性气体提供进一步的保护，以限制在真空干燥器中的氮含量。该句翻译是否正确？答案:错误68. Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through empty space. 热辐射是指热能通过真空传递的一种方式。该句翻译是否正确？答案:正确69. The mixture could exist as a combination of any two or more states:solid-solid,solid-liquid, solid-gas, liquid-liquid, liquid-gas, gas-gas, solid-liquid-gasmixture, etc. 混合物可能存在任何两个或两个以上的状态：固-固，固-液，固-气，液-液，液-气，气-气，固-液-气混合物等。该句翻译是否正确？答案:正确70. 英文简历中求职意向部分无需长篇大论，用短句或短语有针对性地写下相关领域或具体岗位即可：如 Primary school scienceteacher; To obtain a secretarial position; Customer service representative inhealth-care industry 等。该说法是否正确。答案:正确71. Which term can correctly be applied to the reaction Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)→ ZnCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g)?A. double replcementB. neutralizationC. deompositionD. single replacement答案:single replacement72. Electricity is carried through a solution of an electrolyte by（ ）A. electrons onlyB. anions onlyC. ations onlyD. both cations an anions答案:both cations an anions73. Arrange in order of decreasing radii （半径） :K Mg Mg2+ Na（ ）A. K > N > Mg > Mg2+B. Mg2+> Mg > Na > KC. K > Na > Mg2+> MgD. K > Mg > Na > Mg2+答案:K > N > Mg > Mg2+74. Arrange the bases ClCH2COO- , CH3COO- and FCH2COO- in order ofincreasing strengthA. FCH2COO-B. CH3COO-C. ICH2COO-D. CH3COO-答案:FCH2COO-75. Which gas would be expected to behave most ideally?A. F2B. NeC. Pl3D. N2答案:Ne76. Which of the following carbocations is most stable?A. 烯丙型碳正离子B. 3°碳正离子C. 2°碳正离子D. 1°碳正离子答案:烯丙型碳正离子77. The most significant constituents of petroleum are .A. nitrogenB. sulfurC. hydroarbonsD. oxygen答案:hydroarbons78. （ ）is the chemical that is produced in the largest tonnage.A. crbonB. oxygenC. sulphuri aidD. ammonia答案:ammonia79. Organic chemicals mainly come from oil,natural gas,and（ ） .A. metlB. airC. waterD. coal答案:coal80. The main constituents of plants are（ ）.A. oxygenB. waterC. arbonD. .carbonhyrates答案:.carbonhyrates81. Modern chemical industry began around .A. 1860B. 1800C. 1790D. 1856答案:180082. A batch reactor is def ined as a closed spatially uniform systemwhich has concentration parameters that are specif ied at time zero.句中 which 为关系代词，引导（）从句，指代 system。A. 条件状语B. 定语C. 宾语D. 时间状语答案:定语83. The other limit where the fluid flow is simple is the tubularreactor, where the fluid is completely unmixed and flows down the tube as aplug.句中第二个 where是关系副词，引导（ ）从句。A. 条件状语B. 非限定性定语C. 限定性定语D. 时间状语答案:非限定性定语84. In countercurrent flow, the coolant has been heated before itreaches this region, while in cocurrent operation, the coolant is the coldestexactly where the heat load is greatest.句中连词 while 引导状语从句，表示对比，意思是（ ）A. 然而，而B. 同时C. 当……时候D. 因为答案:然而，而85. Essentially constant conditions are known to exist in both thehorizontal and vertical directions in both short and long beds.句中含有两个“both…and…”并列结构，意为（）。A. 不但……而且……B. ……和……（两者）都C. 或者……或者……D. 直到……才……答案:……和……（两者）都86. The use of these devices is restricted to the measurement of smallto medium volume flows of low molecular weight liquids free of solidcomponents.句中 free of solid components 为（ ）。A. 前置定语B. 后置定语C. 状语D. 补语答案:后置定语87. Some are discrete in the sense that they only use two positions.inthe sense that 意为（ ）。A. 有某种影响B. 有某种感觉C. 从某种意义上说D. 在某方面答案:从某种意义上说88. Some are discrete in the sense that they only use two positions.句中连词that 引导（ ）从句A. 宾语B. 定语C. 同位语D. 状语答案:同位语89. If the input signal to the controller and the output signal from itact in the same direction, the controller is direct acting.句首连词 if 引导（ ）从句A. 宾语B. 时间状语C. 条件状语D. 地点状语答案:条件状语90. The beginner should learn how to draw them properly and cultivatethe habit of sketching them on the slightest excuse.句中连接副词 how 引导（ ）从句A. 宾语B. 定语C. 同位语D. 状语答案:宾语91. Note that many of the symbols are pictorial, which helps in betterdescribing process components, units and equipment.本句为（ ）句A. 否定B. 祈使C. 疑问D. 感叹答案:祈使92. A batch reactor is defined as a closed spatially uniform systemwhich has concentration parameters that are specif ied at time zero.句中that 指代（ ）。A. concentrtion prmetersB. a atch reactorC. a losed spatially uniform systemD. a close spatially uniform答案:concentrtion prmeters93. Ultrasound is not different from "normal" (audible) soundin its physical properties, except that humans cannot hear it.句中except that引导状语从句，意为（）。A. 除了B. 因为C. 包含D. 尽管答案:除了94. More than 99% of the visible matter in the universe is in the plasmastate.百分比percent (或per cent, %) 作主语时的主谓一致，百分比加不可数名词或单数名词时，谓语动词一般用（ ）形式。A. 单数B. 复数C. 不一定D. 单数复数都行答案:单数95. If the change in density is small with moderate temperature andpressure, the fluid is termed “incompressible” ; if the changes are noteworthy,the fluid is termed “compressible”.句中两个 if 为连词，引导（ ）从句。A. 时间状语B. 条件状语C. 地点状语D. 宾语答案:条件状语96. The principle of the conservation of energy states that in a steadyflow the sum of all forms of mechanical energy in a fluid along a stream lineis the same at all points on that stream line. 该句中the principle of theconservation of energy 是指（ ）A. 质量守恒原理B. 能量守恒原理C. 物料守恒原理D. 物质的量守恒原理答案:能量守恒原理97. As this water is evaporated, water from the interior of the samplerises to the surface essentially by capillary action with the solid temperatureapproximately given by the wet-bulb temperature of the air. 句中the wet-bulbtemperature指（ ）。A. 干湿球温度B. 干球温度C. 湿球温度D. 湿球湿度答案:湿球温度98. However, there seems to be a limit to which the drying airtemperature can be increased, since excessively high temperatures may adverselyaffect quality with respect to discoloration, crack formation, and even burningof the dried product. 句中There seems to be…句型，表示（ ）的意思。A. 有B. 存在C. 似乎D. 似乎有答案:似乎有99. The process of absorption conventionally refers to the intimatecontacting of a mixture of gases with a liquid so that part of one or more ofthe constituents of the gas will dissolve in the liquid.句中so that引导状语从句，意为（ ）。A. 因为B. 如此C. 以便D. 所以答案:以便100.This reverse operation is called stripping and isutilized to generate the rich solvent so that it may (in many cases) berecycled back to the absorption unit.句中 stripping意为（ ）。A. 吸收B. 干燥C. 汽提D. 精馏答案:汽提
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